ScientificIrfan

Baryon Asymmetry with CP Violation in the Standard Model Md Irfan Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Roll Number: 242121029 Today Abstract The observed matter–antimatter asymmetry of the Universe, \( \etaB \equiv (n_B - n_{\bar B})/s \approx 10^{-10} \), is one of the outstanding puzzles of modern physics. This article examines whether the Standard Model (SM), evaluated in the vicinity of the electroweak phase transition at \(T \sim 100\,\mathrm{GeV}\), can account for this asymmetry. All three Sakharov conditions — baryon-number violation, CP violation, and departure from thermal equilibrium — are present in the SM at the electroweak scale. The CP-odd source is identified by embedding the CKM phase into the finite-temperature effective action; the thermal Higgs potential supplies the non-equilibrium background. A detailed numerical estimate yields \( \eta_B^{\mathrm{SM}...

Quantum Tunneling: Penetrating the Impenetrable Barrier By Md Irfan | 2nd Year Physics (Hons) Presented on National Science Day – 28th February 2023 Introduction The Mathematics Try It Yourself Applications Timeline Conclusion Introduction Quantum mechanics has revolutionized our understanding of nature at its most fundamental level. Among its most striking consequences is quantum tunneling : a particle can pass through an energy barrier that it does not have enough energy to climb over. Classically, a ball rolling towards a hill that is too high simply turns back. A quantum particle, described by a wavefunction rather than a point-like trajectory, has a small but non-zero probability of appearing on the other side. Tunneling is not a curiosity. It powers the Sun, explains radioactive alpha decay, limits how small transistors can be made, and lets us image individual atoms. Key idea Inside the barrier the wavefunction does not...